Passt vielleicht etwas hierher, ein paar Infos aus der Slowakei.
Ich hatte vor einiger Zeit Kontakt zu Michaela Skuban. Sie ist Biologin und arbeitet bei der Carpathian Wildlife Society (CWS).
Ging natürlich vorwiegend um Herdenschutz und es sollte eine Broschüre für die dortigen Schäfer erstellt werden, damit sie sich auf ihre Traditionen zrückbesinnen.
So rosig sieht's da nämlich nicht aus und das könnte schon eine Begründung für die Abschuss-Genehmigung sein.
2003 töteten Wölfe 395 Schafe und verletzten 59
Bären töteten 117 Schafe, verletzten 13, töteten 6 Kühe, verletzten 2
Aktuelle Zahlen habe ich leider nicht.
Zum Herdenschutz setzt man den einheimschen Cuvac und Kaukasen ein, allerdings auch erst neuerdings und auf Initiative des CWS.
Vorher waren die Schutzhunde, wenn überhaupt welche da waren, angekettet an den Herden, eine Sache, die ich vorher noch nie hörte.
As mentioned above LGDs and human guard are common methods of livestock protection. After the 2nd world war the traditional system of guarding sheep using the native breed of the Slovak čuvač died out. The dogs started to be chained and thus their role as effective flock guardians was thwarted. Staked dogs are agressive to people and have little effect against predators` attacks. Furthermore many generations of dogs could not perform their inborn working abilities or gain necessary experience during their lifetime, as they were prevented from being in contact with sheep as well as predators. The shepherds selected dogs for color, size (big and white were preferred) and aggressiveness to people while their effectiveness against predators was usually not an important issue.
Chaining of LGDs is deeply rooted among the shepherds. The following statement of one shepherd depicts the situation “…the čuvač should born on chain and to die on it as well...“ According to my knowledge this practice developed regardless of the large predators decline during the first half of the 20st century. At that time the numbers of čuvač were still high but the shepherds used them against human thieves rather than for control of predators. The so called saving of čuvač by the Czech breeder Hrůz in 1945 was nothing more than genetic separation of individual dogs collected from various sheep camps in Slovakia and their declaration as a pedigree breed. These“pedigree“ čuvačs were interbred and selected for appearance and agressiveness to people regardless of the working abilities necessary for livestock protection. This agressiveness to people was tested at dog shows by irritating the dog with a stick. If a dog showed enough courage (actually agressiveness) it was recomended for further breeding. The separation of „pedigree“ čuvačs from other sheep dogs did not lead to the čuvač vanishing of from the pastoral life in Slovakia. After many years the big white dogs are still common at nearly every sheep farm across the country thanks to the shepherds, and not the pedigree dog breeders.
What was the real reason for chaining dogs? Raymond Coppinger depicts the main reasons for this in the email message from 07. 01 2004.
„... I think that Slovakia is an important study, in the area of LGDs, because of the persistence of the cultural ideas about chaining the dogs up and people aggressive dogs. I have been looking at some LGDs in North Africa. In many places shepherds like really aggressive dogs. And the reason is that these shepherds have a hard time with human thieves – not predators. So people in these cultures develop the idea that LGDs are aggressive .... and it is very hard to convince them that the dogs don`t need to be people aggressive in order to protect livestock from wild animals. I have the same trouble in the US with breeders who want you to think that their breed is the „biggest“ and „fierce.“ And they scare the stockmen into thinking that all the LGDs are that way. In many countries in the world I have trouble with shepherds who are afraid of the legal liabilities of owing a LGD because of their aggressive reputations...“
Dr. Slavomír Finďo - Livestock Guarding Dogs and Carnivore Conservation in Slovakia
http://www.kangalforum.de/t5063f89-Herd ... wakei.html
Also nicht nur in Deutschland hat man das Schützen der Herden verlernt.
In der Slowakei kam noch hinzu, daß ein Mensch durch einen Kaukasen getötet wurde, als er stockbesoffen meinte, den Hund testen zu müssen.
Das war dann fast das Ende des Herdenschutz-Projektes mit Hunden.
Die Hohe Tatra ist touristisch auch ziemlich erschlossen und es gibt ähnliche Konflikte zwischen Hunden und Tourismus wie in der Schweiz.
Hier noch eine Aufstellung, wie sich der Herdenschutz auf die Verluste auswirkte:
http://files.homepagemodules.de/b117037 ... 618n14.jpg
Belegt auch so nebenbei, daß die blose Anwesenheit von Hunden nicht unbedingt einen Schutz bietet, wie das ab und zu suggeriert wird.